Diabetic foot is a common complication of diabetes, caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels that lead to nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor blood circulation (peripheral vascular disease) in the feet. These complications make the feet vulnerable to injuries and slow healing, increasing the risk of foot ulcers, infections, and other problems.
Causes of Diabetic Foot:
1. Neuropathy: High blood sugar levels damage the nerves in the feet, leading to loss of sensation and increased risk of injuries going unnoticed.
- Peripheral Vascular Disease: Diabetes can damage blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the feet and impairing the healing process.
- Poor Foot Care: Neglecting foot hygiene and wearing improper footwear can exacerbate foot problems in diabetic individuals.
Complications of Diabetic Foot:
- Foot Ulcers: Wounds or sores that don't heal properly can develop into ulcers, increasing the risk of infections.
- Infections: Due to compromised immune function and poor circulation, infections in the feet can spread quickly and may require amputation in severe cases.
- Gangrene: Severe infections and poor circulation can lead to tissue death (gangrene), necessitating amputation to prevent further complications.
Prevention and Management:
- Maintain Good Blood Sugar Control: Keeping blood sugar levels within target range can reduce the risk of neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease.
- Regular Foot Exams: Check your feet daily for any cuts, sores, or changes in color or temperature.
- Proper Footwear: Wear comfortable shoes that fit well and provide adequate support to prevent injuries.
- Regular Exercise: Physical activity can improve circulation and nerve function in the feet.
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Professional Foot Care: Regular visits to a podiatrist can help monitor foot health and address any issues early.
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