Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread condition marked by discomfort, stiffness, and diminished function, particularly affecting the inner portion of the knee. While the precise cause of non-traumatic medial knee OA remains unclear, researchers have pinpointed two crucial biomechanical factors: a heightened loading rate and an elevated external adductor moment during walking. Consequently, considerable attention has turned toward exploring the potential benefits of foot orthotics and footwear in alleviating these biomechanical strains and enhancing outcomes for knee OA patients.
Among the most extensively studied interventions for knee OA is the utilization of lateral wedge orthotics. These orthotics are crafted to diminish the knee adduction moment, thereby reducing strain on the inner knee compartment. Studies indicate that wearing lateral wedge insoles while walking can result in notable reductions in the knee adduction moment, both in the short term and over a span of two years. These sustained reductions may potentially slow the progression of knee OA, offering beneficial effects on the disease's advancement.
The selection of appropriate footwear also plays a critical role in knee OA management. Studies have revealed that shoes with variable stiffness and those categorized as "mobility shoes" can alleviate pain and decrease the knee adduction moment during walking, ultimately enhancing function and quality of life for patients. Furthermore, research suggests that specific types of footwear, such as flat walking shoes and flip-flops, may lead to reduced knee joint loads compared to clogs and stability shoes.
Overall, the evidence indicates that both foot orthotics and suitable footwear can impact knee joint loads and potentially influence the management of knee OA significantly. Clinicians should consider assessing and optimizing patients' footwear as an integral component of a comprehensive treatment approach for knee OA, aiming to alleviate pain, enhance function, and slow disease progression.
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